Á¦2Àå Àå¾ÖÀÌÇØ ±³À°(understanding handicaps education)°ú Àå¾ÖÀο¡ ´ëÇÑŵµ(pp.18-29)
ŵµ(attitude)´Â »çȸ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÇ ±âº»Àû °³³äÀÇ Çϳª·Î Àΰ£ÀÇ »çȸÀû ÇൿÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÏ°í, ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÈ ±¸¼º °³³äÀ¸·Î½á Rosenberg & Hovland(1960)¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ƯÁ¤ ´ë»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â °æÇâ(predisposition)À̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ŵµ±¸Á¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¼¼ºÐÇϸé 1960³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ Åµµ°£ ±¸Á¶(inter-attitude organization)¿Í ŵµ³» ±¸Á¶(intra-attitude organization)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸·Î ´ëº°µÈ´Ù. ŵµ°£ ±¸Á¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â º¹¼ö ´ë»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹¼öÀÇ Åµµ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô °ü·ÃÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀÌ°í, ŵµ³» ±¸Á¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ´ë»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¹àÈ÷´Â Á¢±Ù¹ýÀÌ´Ù(ñéõ½ûúåé, 1993).
¾î¶² ÇϳªÀÇ ´ë»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¼ººÐÀ̳ª ¹è°æÀ» ¹®Á¦·Î ÇÏ´Â Á¢±Ù¹ýÀÇ °íÀüÀûÀΠŵµ³» ±¸Á¶ ¿¬±¸´Â Rosenberg and Hovland(1960)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1960³â´ëºÎÅÍ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾ú´Ù. ŵµ´Â ´ÙÂ÷¿øÀ¸·Î ¡´±×¸² 1¡µ°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÎÁöÀû ¿ä¼Ò, °¨Á¤Àû ¿ä¼Ò, ±×¸®°í ÇൿÀû ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ 3¼ººÐ(Three component model of attitude)À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÁöÀû ¿ä¼Ò¶õ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Åµµ ´ë»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¡Áö´Â »ý°¢À̳ª Áö½ÄÀ̸ç, °¨Á¤Àû ¿ä¼Ò´Â ´ë»óÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À̲ø¾îÁö´Â Á¤¼Àû ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇൿÀû ¿ä¼Ò´Â ´ë»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å³äÀÌ ÇൿÀûÀÎ Àǵµ³ª ½ÇÁ¦ ÇൿÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ Åµµ´Â 3¼ººÐÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ ¼ººÐÀº ¼·Î ±íÀÌ °ü·ÃÀ» °¡Áö¸é¼ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±Ù°Å°¡ µÈ´Ù.
Wilson, Dunn, Bybee, Hyman and Rotondo(1984)´Â ÀÎÁöÀû ¼ººÐ°ú °¨Á¤Àû ¼ººÐÀÇ Á¸À縦 °¡Á¤ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×°ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »óÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Áï, °¨Á¤¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ Åµµ´Â °¨Á¤Àû ¼ººÐ¸¸À¸·Î ¼º¸³ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÎÁö¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ Åµµ´Â ÀÎÁöÀû ¼ººÐ°ú °¨Á¤Àû ¼ººÐÀÇ ¾ç¼ººÐÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¡¿¡¼ º¸¸é À̵éÀº 1Â÷¿ø·ÐÀû ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ½Ã°£ÀÇ °æ°ú¿¡ µû¶ó »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇൿÀº °¨Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù.
ÇÑÆí, Zajonc(1980)´Â Æò°¡³ª ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÎÁö¿Í °¨Á¤ÀÇ 2°³ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ µ¶¸³¼ºÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ÕÀú Á¾·¡ÀÇ »çȸ½É¸®ÇÐÀ̳ª ÀÎÁö½É¸®Çп¡¼ ¼±È£(preference)´Â ÀÎÁöÀû °úÁ¤À» °ÅÃļ Çü¼ºµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸(Lazarus, 1982), ½ÇÁ¦´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í, ÀÎÁö´Â °¨Á¤º¸´Ù´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼±ÇàÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ßÇظ¦ ºñÆÇÇß´Ù. ±×´Â Kunst-Wilson and Zajonc(1980)ÀÇ ¡¸´Ü¼øÁ¢ÃËÈ¿°ú(mere exposuree effect¡¹ÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÏ¿© 1) °¨Á¤Àû ¹ÝÀÀ(ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°í ½È¾îÇÏ´Â ¹ÝÀÀ)Àº ¹ÝÀÀÀá½Ã(ÚãëëíÖãÁ)°¡ ºü¸£°í, ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àڽŵµ Å©´Ù´Â Á¡, 2) °¨Á¤ÀûÀÎ Æò°¡¸¦ ÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â ÀçÀÎ(î¢ìã)Çϱ⠽¬¿î Á¡, 3) ÀçÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ °¨Á¤ÀûÀÎ º¯º°Àº °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¡ µîÀÇ °á°ú¿¡¼ °¨Á¤°ú ÀÎÁö´Â »óÈ£ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¸é¼, ¼·Î µ¶¸³µÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. Áï ÇüŸ¦ º¯º° ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÁöÀû 󸮰¡ ¾ø¾îµµ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀÇ ÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î °¨Á¤ÀûÀÎ º¯º°ÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ¡¸°¨Á¤ ¼±Ç༺ °¡¼³(affective primacy hypothesis)¡¹À̶ó°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀÎÁö¿Í °¨Á¤ÀÌ µ¶¸³ÇÑ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î¼ Zajonc(1980)´Â ÀÎÁö¿Í °¨Á¤Àº Ç¥»óÇüÅ°¡ ´Ù¸£°í, ÀÎÁöÀû ¼ººÐÀº ¾ð¾î ¹× ÀǹÌÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥»óµÇÁö¸¸, °¨Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¼ººÐÀº ºñ¾ð¾îÀûÀÌ¸ç ºñ¸íÁ¦Àû(nonpropositional)ÀΠǥ»óÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Ãâó:
ñéõ½ûúåé(1993).÷¾ÓøÏ°ðãæÚϼªÎõÌÐΪÎÌËú¾ªÈÙýð¹ïÇ,
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